Most people are sold the first thing that answers the phone. Here is the whole board, what each one legally is, what it is genuinely good at, and where it will cost you.
Underwritten
Insurance
Self employed, small business, or a family facing a high price to add dependents at work.
Medically underwritten, so you answer health questions and the carrier decides. For people who qualify, this is often where the strongest value sits, but it depends entirely on your health and your household.
Watch for You have to be reasonably healthy to get approved.
ACA Marketplace
Insurance
Anyone who qualifies for a subsidy, or who has a significant pre existing condition.
Guaranteed issue. Your health history cannot be used against you, and a subsidy can make it considerably more affordable.
Watch for Without a subsidy it is usually expensive for what you get.
Employer
Insurance
People with benefits at work.
Most of the time this is the strongest option on the table, and for the employee on their own it is often free or close to it.
Watch for It can still be expensive, and adding a spouse and children is usually where that happens. Other routes can come out more affordable once you are covering a family, so the family number is the one worth comparing.
COBRA
Insurance
People who just left a job and kept the plan.
It is the same employer plan you already know.
Watch for You now pay the entire cost yourself. Both ACA plans and underwritten plans can beat it on price, so it is worth comparing before you keep it.
Health care sharing plans
Not insurance
Advertised heavily, often to people who think they are buying insurance.
Sometimes genuinely inexpensive, and some people are happy with them.
Watch for These are not insurance and are not regulated as insurance. There is no legal obligation to pay a claim, and a zero dollar deductible on one does not mean what it means on a policy. Read what you are actually buying.
Short term
Insurance
A genuine gap between two employer plans.
Fine for exactly that job and not much else. It is insurance, but a limited kind.
Watch for Federal rules cap how long one of these can run, and that cap has moved more than once, so check what applies when you buy. Frequently marketed deceptively too. If your phone has been ringing, this is usually what they are selling.